EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS-2
Chapter 1:- Editing and Summarizing
Editing and summarizing are complementary
skills. Editing involves tightening language by
using certain linguistic tools like rewriting and
rephrasing. Summarizing means capturing the
essence and not merely cutting down the
number of words drastically. It depends heavily
on extensive rewriting. While editing a copy it
may not always be necessary to rewrite the
whole thing. Hard news which is carried
everyday by a daily is deadline bound; therefore,
it is not feasible to rewrite such copies.
Editing: Editing means to give shape to a piece
of writing by maintaining its unity of thought.
Sticking to be subject and preventing one's mind
from straying ensure that the unity of a particular
write-up does not suffer. Spotting digression(s)
and bringing the original thought back on the
track are the attributes of an ideal editor. This
call for sharp linguistic skills and an alert and
vibrant mind. The ability to spot mistakes andlack of unity, fast, are the prime qualities of a
good sub-editor. Crossing T's and dotting I's is
not what subbing is all about.
Summarizing: The skill of summarizing enables
us to pack a lot of meaning into a few words. It
requires a vast vocabulary and cogent thinking.
Reducing a passage in size without
compromising on its meaning is the aim of
summarizing. The secret of summarizing lies in
the ability to identify the core of the passage to
be shortened, i.e. the central idea. Once the main
idea comes within your grasp it becomes
possible for us to recast it in our own words. As
summaries can be of different sizes, according
to the requirement, we can accommodate as
many supporting ideas as we need to.
Chapter 2:- Writing Proficiency
The second chapter in the book is WRITING
PROFICIENCY. This chapter includes letter writing,
writing a letter to the editor of newspaper, writing a
news report and copy-writing. So business organisation
sends and receives letter every day that includesroutine letter, sales letter, promotion letter ,complain
letter and adjustment letters. To write an effective sales
letter one need to follow a formula i.e. AIDA where A (-)
Attract attention, I (-) Arouse interest D (-) Create
Desires A (-) Prompt Action. Many people consider sales
letter as junk. The biggest challenge before the sender is
to shatter the stereotyped image of the sales letter as a
boring and useless piece of communication. The sales
letter should be catchy it should attract the attention of
the receiver. The sales letter should make the reader
feel that he is the most important, respected and
privileged client. Letters of Complaints and Claims:
Sometimes when the buyer purchases the goods he
may not be satisfied with it. It is natural that he might
complaint and give several reasons behind his
dissatisfaction. There are examples of reasons that
buyer might give. He might not only complain to seller
but also ask to refund the amount or replacement of
goods that he bought. This chapter tells us to keep in
mind that while drafting a complaint letter or letter of
complaints it must be kept in the mind that mistakes
are made by human beings. The principle behind good
complaint letter is that if you want to make a point one
has to be polite and well mannered. Sometimes use of sarcasm and humour can help a person to realize his
claim. Letter of Adjustment: Settling a claim is known as
adjustment. Thus, a letter conveying the settlement of a
claim is called a letter of adjustment. There are
procedure for adjustment letter is that first whether the
complain is genuine or not, if yes company will call for
granting 100% claim. Consumer Grievance Letter:
Sometimes a consumer who buys a product they are
cheated many times. Consumer find themselves
helpless, but nowadays no consumer is helpless today,
thanks to the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. This act
gives a consumer certain rights to protect him from
being cheated or exploited. There are Consumer
Disputes Redressal Forum. While writing there are
certain details need to be mentioned like date of
purchase, from whom it was purchased etc. The
consumer can also ask for compensation for the mental
trauma he might suffer because of the cruel behaviour
of the dealer. Right To Information Letter: The Right to
Information Act was passed by the government in 2005.
The RTI letter must mention point by point the
information it seeks. It leads to clarity to the letter and
to remove any scope for the information provider to
hide behind obscurity. The writer should mention inwhat form he wants information- hard copies or soft
copies. Press Release: It is drafted by Public Relations
Officer of a company to seek publicity for an event.
PRO's are usually former journalist, therefore they
know how much space their write up requires. Writing a
Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper: Newspaper and
magazines receives lot of letter and only fraction of
them can be accommodated in the publication. The
writer should explain the purpose behind writing the
letter and argue his case as briefly as he can. The writer
of such letter should be a master of the language he is
using. Like a poet he should know that he uses
minimum number of words. Writing a News Report:In
newspaper the stress is usually on time-bound and it is
known as hard news and it might be shunned by people
just as stale food is done by them. There are certain
types of news stories which do not date- these are
called soft news. The content of the newspaper include
neews about everything happening around us. A news
reporter is assigned who has to find the information in
short span of time. This chapter has also shown us that
what a typical news report contains. Copywriting:
Writing a content to advice a product is called copy
writing. Copy writing is basically a market tool, it findsadvertising copy,sales letters, billboards, brochures etc.
Interpretation of Technical Data: Using of data in shape
of charts,graphs has become very common these days.
By being diagrammatic in nature it breaks the
monotony created by the density of words. Making
these diagrams in coloured form adds attraction to the
page. This chapter contains lot of examples and
questionnaire which helps the students to understand
the concept clearly.
Chapter 3:- Linguistic Felicity
A language can be used in two forms to communicate
with others as prose and as verse. We hardly give any
thought to what we have to say and how we must say it
while conversing with the parents, siblings, friends, and
others with whom we talk on a regular basis. Stronger
reading skills allow for speedier comprehension.
Comprehending and argument depends on having a
sound knowledge of how words can be used in
particular situation. Cohesion is the thread that binds
the entire paragraph on the discourse together. An
argument in a discos is organised mainly at the levels of
sentences and paragraphs which are constructed fromwords. It is the coherence of words, sentences and
paragraphs which contributes to the Cohesion of the
whole passage of the write up. The tools that can give
coherence to a piece of writing a lexical and
grammatical in nature. Repetition is the action of
repeating something that has already been said or
written and parallelism is the state of being parallel or
of comprehending in some way. Supporting device like
headlines, fonts, etc. make it easy for a reader to
comprehend the central idea of a particular write-up.
Newspapers are good example to illustrate this fact.
There are very few people who read a newspaper or a
magazine from cover to cover one hardly gets that
much free time. Instead, readers gather the main
information from headlines and pictures. The feeling
that a human being communicates to another human
being is evident from his, whether he is writing or
speaking. Putting is fried is seeking a thing from various
spots or angles gives us different pictures of that
thing.The easy a person expresses finally is his style.
Chapter 4:- LOGIC
So we all know what logic means Logic basically means
a proper or reasonable way of thinking about
or understanding something. The 4th Chapter is all
about Logic here we will see different types of logic
which are Inductive and Deductive knowledge. We
would also be learning about Arguments.
Deductive Logic: - Deductive reasoning is a basic form of
valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning, or
deduction, starts out with a general statement, or
hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a
specific, logical conclusion.
Inductive Logic: - Inductive reasoning is the opposite of
deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning makes
broad generalizations from specific observations.
Argument means a valid argument is a deductive
argument that succeeds in providing decisive logical
support. The chapter then focuses on the strength of an
argument & the effects and causes of
Argument. The chapter also focuses on the Weakness of
the Arguments that are Begging, lack ofconfidence, ignoring questions extra. The last part of
the chapter says about how to counter an
Argument and Refuting Argument.
Chapter 5:- Interacting Orally
The basic purpose of communication is to help the
receiver to understand the sender’s message .
Pronunciation plays a prominent part in oral
communication . The knowledge and practice of
conversational etiquette are as important as the
knowledge and practice of pronunciation. Speaking is
an art and conversing is a superb art . The most stressed
convention is to maintain decorum which depends on
how polite the communicator is . Politeness makes up
for other deficiencies in conversational etiquette in a
person. Communication can be in formal or informal
way . Conversation between two or more friends or a
group will mostly be an informal communication .
Formal communication takes place in offices , meetings
or in professional environments . Politeness is very
important during communication , lack of politeness
could result in unpleasantness. Etiquette should bemaintained while communicating through telephone ,
pronunciations play an important role during telephonic
conversation as well and more during such
communication as facial expressions cannot be seen
over a call. The injudicious selection of one word can
change thee and tenor of an entire conversation. Oral
communication / interaction among a group of people
of people on a common topic is known as a group
discussion or GD in short . Every member of the team
contributes his idea as he get's an opportunity to
express himself . This gives him a sense of
belongingness . One person’s contribution can act as a
stimulant to others . Interaction of people in a group is
very important generating ideas , sharing of ideas ,
responding to other’s idea . The two main objectives of
a group discussion are to pit down a problem and to
devise a solution to it , that will give the best results .
These two purposes have several facets to them aim at
arriving at a consensus. Effective listening is of prime
importance . It gives rise to individual responses .
Chapter 6:- Generating IdeasGenerating idea is the process of developing ideas with
the help of other obligatory process known as thinking.
There are two types of thinking- vertical thinking and
lateral thinking. Vertical thinking is logical thinking
which is governed by some rules. Vertical thinking is
known as the traditional thinking which follows certain
step-by-step process. Lateral thinking is the process
where generation of ideas is given significance rather
than the steps. Lateral thinking is useful in order to
generate new ideas as we think in all the directions
possible and come up with various ideas.
Brainstorming is a tool of identifying the linking nature
of lateral thinking. In this technique a group of people
which should include six to fifteen people are given 30
minutes for the session. Problems are given to solve
and thus various ideas are generated by the people of
that group. In this one person’s idea ca give stimulation
to other people’s idea.
Lateral thinking and creativity together play a vital role.
Creativity is of two types- everyday creativity and
specific creativity. Everyday creativity can be achieved
by people who are always ready to explore new fields.
Everyday creativity can be sustained by the techniques
like creative pause, creative challenge, green hat, simple focus, alternative, provocation and listening.
Specific creativity is a fixed task. This creativity adopts a
particular method to generate a new idea. It has three
facets – defining the focus, structure for creative
thinking, evaluation and implementation.
Mind mapping is the making a diagram filled out in
different colours representing semantic connections
between the parts of information. A mind map proves
useful in taking down notes, summarizing and revising.
Mind is a network is associations. The mind radiates the
ideas in all the directions giving birth to more ideas.
Mind mapping leads to radiant thinking which
generates ideas. Generating and solving problem is the
basis of forward thinking and progress. Problem solving
is only possible if the problem is recognized. Mind
mapping is not a comprehensive activity when
compared to lateral thinking.
Ideas generation is possible if the thinking is directed in
all varied directions and has explosion of various
aspects.
Chapter 7:- Translation Exercises and Examples
Translation of news articles is one of the most
important part of news formation and journalism as
most of the news which come to journalists are in
regional languages in India so to make sure news
reaches the people exactly translation is used.It should
be kept in mind that there is no changes In the meaning
of the news headlines as sometimes translation can
change the meaning of the news.
We have seen what goes into the process of translation
in terms of technique . now we have to focus on the
practical aspect of translation and use it.
Most commonly transliteration is used in news and
print media also as they maintain the effect and
intensity of the news and the topic. words of English or
hindi are written exactly the same way but in other
languages like Marathi or any regional language
In this chapter we study about comparison of same
news reported in different languages. translation of
national and international ads in regional languagesand also transliteration in all sorts of advertisements.
Some products are sold all over so comparison of same
product being promoted in three different languages.
Translation exercise clearly gives us an idea of how to
translate all kinds of sentences and words with no
change in the meaning.
English to hindi and Marathi
Hindi to English and Marathi.
Most of the advertisements have taglines in hindi and
English so as to make the viewers understand them
clearly they can be translated
Dictionaries also plays a major role in understanding a
language and getting the meanings of the words
Converting one language t another and giving the exact
meaning is the sole purpose of a dictionary
This helps in converting languages easily
NAME- YACHIKA JAIN
ROLL NO. 37
FYBMM ( A)
Chapter 1:- Editing and Summarizing
Editing and summarizing are complementary
skills. Editing involves tightening language by
using certain linguistic tools like rewriting and
rephrasing. Summarizing means capturing the
essence and not merely cutting down the
number of words drastically. It depends heavily
on extensive rewriting. While editing a copy it
may not always be necessary to rewrite the
whole thing. Hard news which is carried
everyday by a daily is deadline bound; therefore,
it is not feasible to rewrite such copies.
Editing: Editing means to give shape to a piece
of writing by maintaining its unity of thought.
Sticking to be subject and preventing one's mind
from straying ensure that the unity of a particular
write-up does not suffer. Spotting digression(s)
and bringing the original thought back on the
track are the attributes of an ideal editor. This
call for sharp linguistic skills and an alert and
vibrant mind. The ability to spot mistakes andlack of unity, fast, are the prime qualities of a
good sub-editor. Crossing T's and dotting I's is
not what subbing is all about.
Summarizing: The skill of summarizing enables
us to pack a lot of meaning into a few words. It
requires a vast vocabulary and cogent thinking.
Reducing a passage in size without
compromising on its meaning is the aim of
summarizing. The secret of summarizing lies in
the ability to identify the core of the passage to
be shortened, i.e. the central idea. Once the main
idea comes within your grasp it becomes
possible for us to recast it in our own words. As
summaries can be of different sizes, according
to the requirement, we can accommodate as
many supporting ideas as we need to.
Chapter 2:- Writing Proficiency
The second chapter in the book is WRITING
PROFICIENCY. This chapter includes letter writing,
writing a letter to the editor of newspaper, writing a
news report and copy-writing. So business organisation
sends and receives letter every day that includesroutine letter, sales letter, promotion letter ,complain
letter and adjustment letters. To write an effective sales
letter one need to follow a formula i.e. AIDA where A (-)
Attract attention, I (-) Arouse interest D (-) Create
Desires A (-) Prompt Action. Many people consider sales
letter as junk. The biggest challenge before the sender is
to shatter the stereotyped image of the sales letter as a
boring and useless piece of communication. The sales
letter should be catchy it should attract the attention of
the receiver. The sales letter should make the reader
feel that he is the most important, respected and
privileged client. Letters of Complaints and Claims:
Sometimes when the buyer purchases the goods he
may not be satisfied with it. It is natural that he might
complaint and give several reasons behind his
dissatisfaction. There are examples of reasons that
buyer might give. He might not only complain to seller
but also ask to refund the amount or replacement of
goods that he bought. This chapter tells us to keep in
mind that while drafting a complaint letter or letter of
complaints it must be kept in the mind that mistakes
are made by human beings. The principle behind good
complaint letter is that if you want to make a point one
has to be polite and well mannered. Sometimes use of sarcasm and humour can help a person to realize his
claim. Letter of Adjustment: Settling a claim is known as
adjustment. Thus, a letter conveying the settlement of a
claim is called a letter of adjustment. There are
procedure for adjustment letter is that first whether the
complain is genuine or not, if yes company will call for
granting 100% claim. Consumer Grievance Letter:
Sometimes a consumer who buys a product they are
cheated many times. Consumer find themselves
helpless, but nowadays no consumer is helpless today,
thanks to the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. This act
gives a consumer certain rights to protect him from
being cheated or exploited. There are Consumer
Disputes Redressal Forum. While writing there are
certain details need to be mentioned like date of
purchase, from whom it was purchased etc. The
consumer can also ask for compensation for the mental
trauma he might suffer because of the cruel behaviour
of the dealer. Right To Information Letter: The Right to
Information Act was passed by the government in 2005.
The RTI letter must mention point by point the
information it seeks. It leads to clarity to the letter and
to remove any scope for the information provider to
hide behind obscurity. The writer should mention inwhat form he wants information- hard copies or soft
copies. Press Release: It is drafted by Public Relations
Officer of a company to seek publicity for an event.
PRO's are usually former journalist, therefore they
know how much space their write up requires. Writing a
Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper: Newspaper and
magazines receives lot of letter and only fraction of
them can be accommodated in the publication. The
writer should explain the purpose behind writing the
letter and argue his case as briefly as he can. The writer
of such letter should be a master of the language he is
using. Like a poet he should know that he uses
minimum number of words. Writing a News Report:In
newspaper the stress is usually on time-bound and it is
known as hard news and it might be shunned by people
just as stale food is done by them. There are certain
types of news stories which do not date- these are
called soft news. The content of the newspaper include
neews about everything happening around us. A news
reporter is assigned who has to find the information in
short span of time. This chapter has also shown us that
what a typical news report contains. Copywriting:
Writing a content to advice a product is called copy
writing. Copy writing is basically a market tool, it findsadvertising copy,sales letters, billboards, brochures etc.
Interpretation of Technical Data: Using of data in shape
of charts,graphs has become very common these days.
By being diagrammatic in nature it breaks the
monotony created by the density of words. Making
these diagrams in coloured form adds attraction to the
page. This chapter contains lot of examples and
questionnaire which helps the students to understand
the concept clearly.
Chapter 3:- Linguistic Felicity
A language can be used in two forms to communicate
with others as prose and as verse. We hardly give any
thought to what we have to say and how we must say it
while conversing with the parents, siblings, friends, and
others with whom we talk on a regular basis. Stronger
reading skills allow for speedier comprehension.
Comprehending and argument depends on having a
sound knowledge of how words can be used in
particular situation. Cohesion is the thread that binds
the entire paragraph on the discourse together. An
argument in a discos is organised mainly at the levels of
sentences and paragraphs which are constructed fromwords. It is the coherence of words, sentences and
paragraphs which contributes to the Cohesion of the
whole passage of the write up. The tools that can give
coherence to a piece of writing a lexical and
grammatical in nature. Repetition is the action of
repeating something that has already been said or
written and parallelism is the state of being parallel or
of comprehending in some way. Supporting device like
headlines, fonts, etc. make it easy for a reader to
comprehend the central idea of a particular write-up.
Newspapers are good example to illustrate this fact.
There are very few people who read a newspaper or a
magazine from cover to cover one hardly gets that
much free time. Instead, readers gather the main
information from headlines and pictures. The feeling
that a human being communicates to another human
being is evident from his, whether he is writing or
speaking. Putting is fried is seeking a thing from various
spots or angles gives us different pictures of that
thing.The easy a person expresses finally is his style.
Chapter 4:- LOGIC
So we all know what logic means Logic basically means
a proper or reasonable way of thinking about
or understanding something. The 4th Chapter is all
about Logic here we will see different types of logic
which are Inductive and Deductive knowledge. We
would also be learning about Arguments.
Deductive Logic: - Deductive reasoning is a basic form of
valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning, or
deduction, starts out with a general statement, or
hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a
specific, logical conclusion.
Inductive Logic: - Inductive reasoning is the opposite of
deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning makes
broad generalizations from specific observations.
Argument means a valid argument is a deductive
argument that succeeds in providing decisive logical
support. The chapter then focuses on the strength of an
argument & the effects and causes of
Argument. The chapter also focuses on the Weakness of
the Arguments that are Begging, lack ofconfidence, ignoring questions extra. The last part of
the chapter says about how to counter an
Argument and Refuting Argument.
Chapter 5:- Interacting Orally
The basic purpose of communication is to help the
receiver to understand the sender’s message .
Pronunciation plays a prominent part in oral
communication . The knowledge and practice of
conversational etiquette are as important as the
knowledge and practice of pronunciation. Speaking is
an art and conversing is a superb art . The most stressed
convention is to maintain decorum which depends on
how polite the communicator is . Politeness makes up
for other deficiencies in conversational etiquette in a
person. Communication can be in formal or informal
way . Conversation between two or more friends or a
group will mostly be an informal communication .
Formal communication takes place in offices , meetings
or in professional environments . Politeness is very
important during communication , lack of politeness
could result in unpleasantness. Etiquette should bemaintained while communicating through telephone ,
pronunciations play an important role during telephonic
conversation as well and more during such
communication as facial expressions cannot be seen
over a call. The injudicious selection of one word can
change thee and tenor of an entire conversation. Oral
communication / interaction among a group of people
of people on a common topic is known as a group
discussion or GD in short . Every member of the team
contributes his idea as he get's an opportunity to
express himself . This gives him a sense of
belongingness . One person’s contribution can act as a
stimulant to others . Interaction of people in a group is
very important generating ideas , sharing of ideas ,
responding to other’s idea . The two main objectives of
a group discussion are to pit down a problem and to
devise a solution to it , that will give the best results .
These two purposes have several facets to them aim at
arriving at a consensus. Effective listening is of prime
importance . It gives rise to individual responses .
Chapter 6:- Generating IdeasGenerating idea is the process of developing ideas with
the help of other obligatory process known as thinking.
There are two types of thinking- vertical thinking and
lateral thinking. Vertical thinking is logical thinking
which is governed by some rules. Vertical thinking is
known as the traditional thinking which follows certain
step-by-step process. Lateral thinking is the process
where generation of ideas is given significance rather
than the steps. Lateral thinking is useful in order to
generate new ideas as we think in all the directions
possible and come up with various ideas.
Brainstorming is a tool of identifying the linking nature
of lateral thinking. In this technique a group of people
which should include six to fifteen people are given 30
minutes for the session. Problems are given to solve
and thus various ideas are generated by the people of
that group. In this one person’s idea ca give stimulation
to other people’s idea.
Lateral thinking and creativity together play a vital role.
Creativity is of two types- everyday creativity and
specific creativity. Everyday creativity can be achieved
by people who are always ready to explore new fields.
Everyday creativity can be sustained by the techniques
like creative pause, creative challenge, green hat, simple focus, alternative, provocation and listening.
Specific creativity is a fixed task. This creativity adopts a
particular method to generate a new idea. It has three
facets – defining the focus, structure for creative
thinking, evaluation and implementation.
Mind mapping is the making a diagram filled out in
different colours representing semantic connections
between the parts of information. A mind map proves
useful in taking down notes, summarizing and revising.
Mind is a network is associations. The mind radiates the
ideas in all the directions giving birth to more ideas.
Mind mapping leads to radiant thinking which
generates ideas. Generating and solving problem is the
basis of forward thinking and progress. Problem solving
is only possible if the problem is recognized. Mind
mapping is not a comprehensive activity when
compared to lateral thinking.
Ideas generation is possible if the thinking is directed in
all varied directions and has explosion of various
aspects.
Chapter 7:- Translation Exercises and Examples
Translation of news articles is one of the most
important part of news formation and journalism as
most of the news which come to journalists are in
regional languages in India so to make sure news
reaches the people exactly translation is used.It should
be kept in mind that there is no changes In the meaning
of the news headlines as sometimes translation can
change the meaning of the news.
We have seen what goes into the process of translation
in terms of technique . now we have to focus on the
practical aspect of translation and use it.
Most commonly transliteration is used in news and
print media also as they maintain the effect and
intensity of the news and the topic. words of English or
hindi are written exactly the same way but in other
languages like Marathi or any regional language
In this chapter we study about comparison of same
news reported in different languages. translation of
national and international ads in regional languagesand also transliteration in all sorts of advertisements.
Some products are sold all over so comparison of same
product being promoted in three different languages.
Translation exercise clearly gives us an idea of how to
translate all kinds of sentences and words with no
change in the meaning.
English to hindi and Marathi
Hindi to English and Marathi.
Most of the advertisements have taglines in hindi and
English so as to make the viewers understand them
clearly they can be translated
Dictionaries also plays a major role in understanding a
language and getting the meanings of the words
Converting one language t another and giving the exact
meaning is the sole purpose of a dictionary
This helps in converting languages easily
NAME- YACHIKA JAIN
ROLL NO. 37
FYBMM ( A)
